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Hainan Province is located in the southernmost part of China, bounded by Guangdong Province by the Qiongzhou Strait in the north, Vietnam across the Gulf of Tonkin in the west, and the Philippines, Brunei, Indonesia and Malaysia in the South China Sea to the east and south.

The administrative area of Hainan Province includes the islands and reefs of Hainan Island, Xisha Islands, Zhongsha Islands, Nansha Islands and their sea areas, making it the largest province in the country in terms of area. The total land area (mainly including Hainan Island and the Xisha, Zhongsha and Nansha Islands) is 35,400 square kilometers, and the sea area is about 2 million square kilometers.

Hainan Island is located in latitude 18 ° 10 '~ 20 ° 10', longitude 108 ° 37 '~ 111 ° 03', the outline of the island is shaped like a large oval Sydney, the long axis was northeast to southwest, about 290 kilometers long, north-west to south-east width of about 180 kilometers, covering an area of 339,000 square kilometers, is the second largest island in the country, only behind the island of Taiwan. The second largest island in China after Taiwan Island. Coastline (Hainan Island) total length of 1,910 kilometers, there are 68 large and small harbors and bays, around the negative 5 meters to negative 10 meters of isobath area of 2,330.55 square kilometers, equivalent to 6.8% of the land area.

The north of Hainan Island and Guangdong Leizhou Peninsula at the nearest point of about 10 nautical miles, is the “sea corridor” between Hainan Island and the mainland, but also between the Gulf of Tonkin and the South China Sea sea transportation channel. It is about 220 nautical miles from Haikou City in the north of the island to Haiphong City in Vietnam, and about 650 nautical miles from Sanya Harbor in the south of the island to Manila Harbor in the Philippines.

The Xisha Islands and the Zhongsha Islands are about 300 nautical miles southeast of Hainan Island in the South China Sea. The Xisha Islands have 22 islands with a land area of 8 square kilometers, of which Yongxing Island is the largest. Most of the Spratly Islands are submerged underwater, with only Huangyan Island exposed. The Nansha Islands are located in the southern part of the South China Sea, and are the most widely distributed and the group of archipelagos with the largest number of reefs, sands, and shoals, of which Tsangmu-Dengsha is the southernmost territory of China.

The South China Sea is an essential transportation route between the Pacific Ocean and the Indian Ocean, and has an important strategic position in international shipping routes.

As of December 2022, Hainan Province has 4 administrative divisions at the municipal level (4 prefectural-level cities), 25 at the county level (10 municipal districts, 5 county-level cities, 4 counties, and 6 ethnic autonomous counties), and 218 at the township level (22 streets, 175 towns, and 21 townships).
Prefecture-level cities: Haikou City, Sanya City, Sansha City, Danzhou City.
County-level cities: Wuzhishan City, Wenchang City, Qionghai City, Wanning City, Dongfang City.
Counties: Ding'an County, Tunchang County, Chengmai County, Lingao County.
Autonomous counties: Baisha Lizu Autonomous County, Changjiang Lizu Autonomous County, Ledong Lizu Autonomous County, Lingshui Lizu Autonomous County, Baoting Lizu Autonomous County, Qiongzhong Lizu Autonomous County.
Haikou City (prefecture level)
(4 districts under the jurisdiction)
Xiuying District, Longhua District, Qiongshan District, Meilan District; under the jurisdiction of 21 streets, 22 towns, including:
Xiuying District jurisdiction Xiuying, Haixiu 2 streets, Changliu, Xixiu, Haixiu, Shishan, Yongxing, Dongshan 6 towns;
Longhua District jurisdiction Zhongshan, Binhai, Jinmao, Datong, Haiken, Jinyu 6 streets, Chengxi, Longqiao, Xinpo, Zun Tan, Longquan 5 towns;
Qiongshan District jurisdiction Guoxing, Fucheng, Binjiang, Fengxiang 4 streets, Longtang, Yunlong, Hongqi, Sanmenpo, Dapo, Azi, old state 7 towns;
Meilan District jurisdiction Haifu, Lantian, Boai, Haidian, People's Road, Bailong, Hepingnan, Xinbu, Baisha 9 streets, Lingshan, Yanfeng, Sanjiang, Roughly slope 4 towns.
Sanya City (prefecture level)
(Jurisdiction 4 districts)
Haitang District, Jiyang District, Tianya District, Yazhou District.
Sansha City (prefecture level)
(2 districts)
Xisha District, Nansha District.
Danzhou City (prefecture level)
(1 street and 16 towns under jurisdiction)
Sandu street, Nada town, and Qing town, Nanfeng town, Dacheng town, Yaxing town, Lanyang town, Guangcun town, Mutang town, Haitou town, Eman town, Wangwu town, Baimajing town, Zhonghe town, Pai Pu town, Dongcheng town, Xinzhou town.
Wuzhishan City (county level)
(Jurisdiction of 4 towns and 3 townships)
Four townships of Tongshi, Nansheng, Maoyang and Panyang, and three townships of Changhao, Maodao and Shuiman.
Qionghai City (County Level)
(12 towns under jurisdiction)
Jiaji Township, Wanquan Township, Shibi Township, Zhongyuan Township, Boao Township, Yangjiang Township, Longjiang Township, Tanmen Township, Tayang Township, Changpo Township, Dalu Township, Huishan Township.
Wenchang City (county level)
(17 towns under the jurisdiction)
Wencheng Township, Chongxing Township, Penglai Township, Huiwen Township, Donglu Township, Taniu Township, Dongge Township, Wenjiao Township, Dongjiao Township, Longlou Township, Changsha Township, Wengtian Township, Huoluo Township, Fengpo Township, Jinshan Township, Puzian Township, Gongpo Township.
Wanning City (county level)
(12 towns under the jurisdiction)
Wancheng Township, Longliao Township, Hele Township, Hou'an Township, Damao Township, Dong'ao Township, Liji Township, Changfeng Township, Shangen Township, Beida Township, Nanqiao Township, Sanchangluo Township.
Dongfang City (county level)
(Jurisdiction of 8 towns and 2 townships)
Basho Township, Donghe Township, Datian Township, Sensheng Township, Banqiao Township, Sanjia Township, Sigang Township, Xinlong Township, Tian'an Township, Jiangbian Township.
Ding'an County
(10 towns under the jurisdiction)
Dingcheng Township, Xinzhu Township, Longhu Township, Huangzhu Township, Leiming Township, Longmen Township, Longhe Township, Lingkou Township, Hanlin Township, Fuwen Township.
Tunchang County
(Jurisdiction of 8 towns)
Tun Township, Xinxing Township, Fengmu Township, Wupo Township, Nanlv Township, Nankun Township, Poxin Township, Xichang Township.
Chengmai County
(Jurisdiction of 11 towns)
Jinjiang Township, Laocheng Township, Ruixi Township, Yongfa Township, Gale Township, Wenru Township, Zhongxing Township, Renxing Township, Fushan Township, Qiaotou Township, Dafeng Township.
Lingao County
(11 towns under the jurisdiction)
Lincheng Township, Bolian Township, Dongying Township, Bohou Township, Huangtong Township, Duowen Township, Heshe Township, Nanbao Township, Xinying Township, Tiaolou Township, and Galai Township.
Baisha Lizu autonomous county
(Jurisdiction over 4 towns and 7 townships)
Toa Fork Township, Qifang Township, Bangxi Township, Ta'an Township, Xiushui Township, Yuanmen Township, Nankai Township, Fulong Township, Qingsong Township, Jinbo Township, Rongbang Township.
Changjiang Lizu autonomous county
(7 towns and 1 township under the jurisdiction)
Shilu Township, Fork River Township, October Field Township, Wulie Township, Changhua Township, Haiwei Township, Qiqiao Township, Wangxia Township.
Ledong Lizu autonomous county
(11 towns under the jurisdiction)
Holding by the town, Wanchong Township, Daan Township, Zhizhong Township, Qianjia Township, Jiushuo Township, Liguo Township, Huangliu Township, Folo Township, Jianfeng Township, Yinggehai Township.
Lingshui Lizu autonomous county
(Jurisdiction of 9 towns and 2 townships)
Coconut Grove Township, Guangpo Township, Sancai Township, Yingzhou Township, Longguang Township, Wenluo Township, Benyao Township, Xincun Township, Li'an Township, Timong Township, Qunying Township.
Baoting Li and Miao Autonomous County
(6 towns and 3 townships under the jurisdiction)
Baocheng Township, Shiling Township, Gamao Township, Ringshui Township, Xinzheng Township, Sandao Township, Liugong Township, Nanlin Township, Maoshen Township.
Qiongzhong Li and Miao Autonomous County
(7 towns and 3 townships under the jurisdiction)
Yinggen Township, Wanling Township, Limushan Township, Heping Township, Changzheng Township, Hongmao Township, Zhongping Township, Hangloshan Township, Shang'an Township, Shiyun Township.